Friday, November 19, 2010

How to Make Yogurt

While not required, this step will save you time, and ensure consistent results every time out. Further, it prevents you from scalding the milk, which will ruin your yogurt.
  • Place larger pot in sink
  • Place smaller pot inside it
  • Fill larger pot until water line goes about half way up the side of smaller pot
You could probably skip this step, but since you need to bring your water to a boil anyway, it removes any possibility of contamination.
  • Place your thermometer and spoon in the large pot of water
  • Place smaller pot upside down over larger pot
  • Heat water until boiling
If you do not have a set of pots that fit inside each other, you could heat the milk directly, but you will need to watch it and stir constantly. With the water jacket approach, you simply:
  • Place the smaller pot into the larger pot of boiling water
  • Carefully pour your milk into the smaller pot
  • Clip your thermometer to the rim of the smaller pot
You want the milk to reach 185°F to prepare the milk proteins for yogurt culture production. If you do not have a thermometer, this is also the temperature at which milk begins to froth, like in a latte.
  • Keep water boiling
  • Stir frequently
110°F is the temperature at which yogurt cultures reproduce themselves. You could wait for the milk to cool on its own, but this is much faster and more efficient.
  • Carefully place pot of milk in cold water bath
  • Stir occasionally
Pitch simply means to add, and comes from the world of brewing. Brewers pitch yeast to make alcohol, you'll pitch yogurt to make more yogurt!
  • Pour your 2-3 Tbs of yogurt into your 110°F milk
This step requires that the yogurt remain warm, and undisturbed. A heating pad in a quiet corner works best.
  • Stir milk well to distribute yogurt you just pitched
  • Cover with lid
  • Set heating pad to medium and place on a cutting board
  • Place pot of pitched milk on top
  • Cover with a dish towel
Now that you have patiently waited seven hours, it is time to see what you have made.
  • Remove from heating pad and uncover yogurt
  • Use a spatula to see that milk has curdled (see picture)
  • Stir vigorously to mix curds in with liquid
  • Carefully pour yogurt into container(s)
  • Cover with tight fitting lid(s)
  • Place yogurt in the coldest part of your refrigerator
  • Wait overnight
Yogurt contains lactic cultures that digest mile sugar lactose and convert it to lactic acid. The presence if lactic acid, produced during the lactic acid fermentation is responsible for the sour taste in original yogurt. However it improves the stability and safety of foods. The lactic acid caused the characteristic curd to form. It restricts the growth of food poisoning bacteria. It converts carbohydrates to alcohols and carbon dioxide or orgainic acid using yeasts, bacteria or a combination of under anaerobic conditions.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation_%28food%29
http://www.makeyourownyogurt.com/make-yogurt/what-you-need



Wednesday, November 10, 2010

Goverment involvement with disease control



I dont think the Government shouldn't be that involved with the isolation of people with dangerous infectious diseases. My opinion is based on the movie the Outbreak where I saw how the government treated the people who might of had the deadly disease. For example, when some of the people from the small town tried to escape because they couldnt take the confusion anymore the army shot them down. Not only that they shot it right in front of a family of children. I think that was a little over the top. Another thing is when the the Government decided to make a black out or kill everyone in that small town. This decision was made without the towns peoples knowledge and also when there was a chance that there could be a cure that could help the people. Sometimes the government only cares about the security of the nation and not about the feelings of the people living in the nation. It isn't because the government is coldhearted its because sometimes when the whole world is at stake people panic and don't try to find another solution. They just take the first route out of the mess before they  think about the consequenses. However more times than not people react for their own needs. In the Outbreak the goverment were not thinking about the towns people they where thinking about protecting their secret of a weapon. So my opinion is that no the goverment shouldnt be involved in the process of isolating people they should hand that over to the people who know the facts and dangers of what is at stake. Those people would be the doctors and scientist who know about viruses and other biohazards through and through. I dont think the army had to be involved with isolation, i think the police officers might of been enough but if things get unbearble for the polices then the army can step in but if not then the army should stay out of the isolation process.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outbreak_%28film%29
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hot_Zone